Mongolia |
The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century by conquering the huge Eurasian continent under the leadership of Chinggis KHAN. After his death the empire was divided into several Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century and came under Chinese rule in the late 17th century. Mongolia became independent in 1921 with Soviet backing. A Communist regime was installed in 1924 but became democratic after peaceful revolution in 1990. From west to east, the country is stretched for 2,392km; from north to south it is 1,259km. The average altitude is 1,580 meters above sea level, and is one of 27 countries with no outlet to the sea. From among many countries, travelers have admired Mongolia for its clear sunny skies and contrasting natural features ranging from high mountains, valleys and wide open steppes to the Gobi desert and semi-desert. POPULATION ETHNIC GROUPS LANGUAGE The Russian language is the most frequently spoken foreign language in Mongolia, followed by English, though English has been gradually replacing Russian as the second language. Korean has gained popularity as tens of thousands of Mongolians work in South Korea. Interest in Chinese, as the language of the second neighboring power, has been growing. RELIGION Various forms of tengriism and shamanism have been widely practiced throughout the history of what is now modern day Mongolia, as such beliefs were common among nomadic people in Asian history. Such beliefs gradually gave way to Tibetan Buddhism, but shamanism has left a mark on Mongolian religious culture. Indeed, some shamanistic practices and traditions, such as the use of ovoo as religious sites, are still practiced. CURRENCY ATM machines are available in Ulaanbaatar, but not anywhere in the countryside. Regardless, foreign cards may or may not work in Mongolian ATM machines. VISA AND TRAVEL DOCUMENTS As of January 2007, a visa is required for everyone with the exception of the following countries: • USA, Kazakhstan, - visa not required for visit not exceeding three months. For more information on visa applications and procedures, ELECTRICITY TAP WATER VACCINATIONS You should do so at least 4-6 weeks before your trip to allow time for your vaccines to take effect. CLIMATE Average temperatures over most of the country are below freezing from November through March and are about freezing in April and October. January and February averages of -20° C are common, with winter nights of -40° C occurring most year. Summer extremes reach as high as 38° C in the southern region and 33° C in Ulaanbaatar. TIME CLOTHING Check the month of your arrival for appropriate dressing. Dress modestly. Sources: Useful Links: |
